Epidemiology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Epidemiology - Research constitution Example(Friis and Sellers, 2009). Epidemiological activity is used since many decades. The statistical tools atomic number 18 the most powerful maneuver used for identifying the attempt factors and the relationship between various factors such as environmental factors, drugs, genetics, hormones, occupation, nutrition and computer viruses, bacteria. It was the epidemiologic studies that revealed the relationship between Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cervical cancer. (Friis and Sellers, 2009). The US centre for Disease match and Prevention CDC estimates that most of the new cases of HPV are teens and young adults. They have estimated that 6 million new cases are recorded every year in US. In 2007, the CDC has announced that one among the four teenage girls ages 13 to 19 are having HPV. Among the teens, 40 percent of the children who had sex were found to have Human papillary tumour virus. (Lyon and Antoniades, 2009). as well as CDC has als o found that 20 Americans are infected with the HPV and many of them are not aware of it. Uses of Epidemiology 1. To learn the history of the disease and the changes in the disease states. It also helps to study the history of the healthy populations in the locality. 2. To pecker the true dimension of the disease and the healthy individuals. The prevalence of the disease based on the risk factors, the scattering of disability and mortality can be understood using epidemiological studies. 3. ... (Friis and Sellers, 2009). 6. To identify the root of the degenerative diseases and provide the complete history of the diseases to help the practitioners and people eradicate the disease from the epidemic regions. 7. To confirm the risk factors and causes of the disease using the knowledge obtained through studies for the risky and multiple causative disease. (Friis and Sellers, 2009). Human Papilloma virus Papilloma viruses are DNA viruses that infect epithelia causing a variety of lesi ons, warts and carcinoma. Human Papilloma viruses (HPV) are ubiquitous in nature causing cervical and other anogenital cancers. HPV infections are most common in the young and sexually active people within the age limit of 20 24. Human papillary tumor viruses form two groups Genital and cutaneous HPVs. Most of the papilloma viruses are host specific. Human papilloma virus has an icosahedral symmetry with 72 capsomers arranged in the pentameric structure. It has a circular double strand DNA of 8 kb long. It has three types of genes early genes, late genes and control genes. HPV first infects the basal epithelium and inserts itself into the cell. It then dissociates and produces low copy number episomes. The HPV gets loosely linked to the keratocyte differentiation and divides as the keratinocyte undergoes differentiation. The major oncogenic proteins touch in the HPV carcinogenesis are E6 and E7 which interfere in the cell cycle control mechanisms. E6 on binding with the cellular protein AP, degrades the p53 through ubiquitin- directed proteolysis. P53 is essential for DNA repair, when this molecule is degraded it affects the ell cycle control. The result is genetic asymmetry and accumulation of the mutants